Luther had issues with the book of James, which emphasized the role of "works" alongside faith, so he stuck James and Hebrews in the back of the Bible alongside Jude and Revelation, which he also thought were questionable. (Remember, the printing press wasn't invented until 1440.)ĭisputed, Spurious and Downright Heretical These were originally written on scrolls of parchment, as opposed to being encapsulated in "books" as we think of them today. The Bible contains a variety of literary genres, including poetry, history, songs, stories, letters and prophetic writings. The books that make up the Bible were written by various people over a period of more than 1,000 years, between 1200 B.C.E. From the first through the fourth centuries and beyond, different church leaders and theologians made arguments about which books belonged in the canon, often casting their opponents as heretics. What evidence scholars do have - in the form of theological treatises, letters and church histories that have survived for millennia - points to a much longer process of canonization. "We don't have evidence that any group of Christians got together and said, 'Let's hash this out once and for all.'" (The Council of Nicea was convened to resolve a religious matter unrelated to the books of the Bible.) "Dan Brown did us all a disservice," says Combs. In so doing, they were kept by God from affirming anything untrue (John 17:17).In truth, there was no single church authority or council that convened to rubber stamp the biblical canon (official list of books in the Bible), not at Nicea or anywhere else in antiquity, explains Jason Combs, an assistant professor at Brigham Young University specializing in ancient Christianity.
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Thus, human authors played a key role in the writing of Scripture, making their own contributions to the text. The use of such sources would be unnecessary if the Lord dictated the Scriptures to the biblical authors. Today’s passage, for example, refers to the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah, which appears to be a non-inspired historical source that the author of 1–2 Kings consulted. Among the lines of evidence that demonstrate this is the use of other written sources by various biblical authors. 19:9a), God did not dictate the Scriptures word for word to the biblical authors. And note that truth can be affirmed in many different styles and even by people who lack literary training and sophistication. God did not so overpower the human authors that they gave us everything in the same voice nevertheless, each author, though he will affirm things in his own voice, affirms only what is true. Others, such as Revelation, reflect more colloquial grammar.
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Some books, such as Hebrews, are written in a very refined literary style.
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Each of the biblical authors wrote in a different style and with different concerns even though they all affirmed the same faith. The inspiration of Scripture did not occur in an analogous way. When we use a pen, the pen does not contribute any personality or perspective to the writing. God did not take the authors and use them to write the Bible like we use a pen to write a note. However, there is enough in the Bible to draw some conclusions regarding the process by which God gave His revelation to these human writers.įirst, the evidence of the biblical text itself indicates that we should not view the process of inspiration as something that happened mechanically, as if the human writers became automatons and did not contribute anything to the text.
#True authorship of the new testament pdf full#
At the outset, we must note that for the most part, Scripture does not explain the full details as to exactly how the Lord inspired the human authors. Given that human writers transmitted these words to us, however, it is important to have a clearer idea of what role these divinely inspired authors played in giving us God’s Word. The origin of Scripture is to be found in God Himself, who breathed out the words that we find written by the prophets and Apostles in the Bible (2 Tim.